What is a common complication of untreated GERD?

Untreated gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) can lead to several complications, with esophagitis being one of the most common. Esophagitis is characterized by inflammation of the esophagus, which occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and damage to the lining. Over time, this acid exposure not only inflames the tissue but can also lead to more serious conditions, such as Barrett's esophagus, which is a precancerous change in the cells of the esophagus.

In the context of GERD, this complication arises because the normal protective mechanisms of the esophagus are overwhelmed by the constant acid exposure, leading to symptoms like pain, difficulty swallowing, and increased risk of bleeding or ulcers. Therefore, recognizing and treating GERD early is crucial to prevent esophagitis and other potential complications related to chronic acid exposure.