What are potential consequences of vitamin B12 deficiency?

Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to significant health issues primarily because this vitamin is essential for DNA synthesis, red blood cell formation, and the proper functioning of the nervous system. Megaloblastic anemia occurs due to the impaired production of red blood cells, which is a direct result of the deficiency. In this condition, the bone marrow produces abnormally large red blood cells that are dysfunctional, leading to symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, and pallor due to inadequate oxygen delivery throughout the body.

Additionally, neurological issues can manifest due to vitamin B12's crucial role in maintaining the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers. A lack of B12 can lead to neuropathy, presenting as numbness, tingling, or balance difficulties. Neurological degenerative changes can occur, particularly if the deficiency is not addressed over time. Therefore, the potential consequences of vitamin B12 deficiency are accurately reflected in megaloblastic anemia and neurological issues.